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V-ing形式作主语作表语作宾语作定语 （1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 （3）作宾语： We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 此外，doing作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like （4）作定语：单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是短语做定语放在名词后。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人 是我们班长的父亲。 doing作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能 ，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. （5）作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 （6）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe , listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 (36)_____You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so. however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how: Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list. you should make a schedule of your time. First your time foreating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. (37)______ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject. Make good use of your time in class. (38)______ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (39)_______ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer. Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don, t be over worried. (40)_______ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying. B. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard. E. Maybe you are an average student. F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class. G. This will help you understand the next class. 
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社会生活
